Beauracracy essays

Beauracracy essays In a democratic society, we the people elect representatives to carry out our needs and trust in them that they will carry out that representation in an efficient and responsible manner for the best interest of the public they are representing. That United States government as a legislature, executive branch, and a judiciary branch carries out that responsibility usually with much success and fairness. When the government becomes almost controlled by bureaucracy, that is when our republic becomes undermined and the democratic government that we entrust is, falls apart. The bureaucracy is permanent or ongoing structure that will always exist and will never be replaced. It is comprised of individual groups of government working to finish a common task. It is made up of supervisors upon supervisors who all have a specific job so that the end task is completed with preciseness and in an expeditious manner. The thing that ends up happening is that while the legislature may make the law and the executive branch may have to administer them as supervisors, but what ends up happening is that it is the supervised who do the work and often they exceed their authority. When they do, the entire system is undermined. The executive and legislative branches have created laws and regulations to control bureaucracy as a whole. The bureaucrats often times tend to step on the shoes if you will of the two branches and take matters into their own hands and completely disregard the law. In drafting and enforcing the regulations they issue under the laws passed by the legislators, they often act in excess of their legal authority. Such things they do are unconstitutional. A recent example of this is an issue that came up with the FDA. The FDA attempted to create rules and regulations concerning smoking and tobacco. The almost passed the laws until the government said that is was against regulations and they couldnt do it. ...

Why is a college education important to me Essays

Why is a college education important to me Essays Why is a college education important to me Essay Why is a college education important to me Essay Student Name: Candida Moses Why college education is important to me One should always have a passion for learning, to always be willing to rise above the status quo and aspire to better oneself. According to Anthony J. Tangelo, Develop a passion for learning. If you do, you will never cease to grow. A college education is important as it helps to open up many doors of opportunities and to explore every option before settling. The importance of a college education is quite evident merely to the present economy. The world is changing rapidly, and most Jobs require a allege education. Now, why is a college education important to me? The answer can be varied on a number of different aspects that ranges from opportunities to achieving lifelong goals. I have always been told to rise above the horizon and I now think that is time to do so. A college education can be the pathway into a prosperous future, mainly so because a degree is offered and in the business world today a degree is essential in order to obtain a good Job. Taking this first step in obtaining my college degree will give me a greater chance of becoming more developed and expected. My first need for a college education is for my own personal growth. I am a teacher of five years now without a college education and it has hindered me from positive growth. Without this, I am at a standstill. I am very good at what I do but I am not able to move up into the higher ranks without a degree. When I am able to receive this degree then I will be able to develop myself as a person and to be more respected amongst my fellow co-workers. At the school where I am employed, I am always told I have the skills and ability to be the head of department because I am owing a very good Job but all that is hindering me is the fact that I do not have a college degree. I have been constantly hearing this for five years now and I now think that it is time for me to obtain this degree and put my knowledge and skills to work. A college education serves as a pathway to better options and more opportunity. With todays economy and Job market, I am not able to change Jobs or receive any promotions because I dont have a college education. So when promotions are offered I am always considered but it is not more than that but Just consideration because I m always classed as under qualified. When opportunities arise for someone at the school to participate in several activities, as much as I am skilled enough to participate I will always miss out on the opportunity Just because I do not have a college degree. I often miss out on a lot of great opportunities because of this. Since my tenure as a teacher I was able to achieve a lot but I do think I am able to achieve more if I get this degree. Since I have been teaching, I have received 100% pass rates in the general overseas exams. My students are always willing to learn because of my approach to teaching. The managing department has seen my ability and is willing to make me a head of department but I cannot get this position without my higher education, despite how much I am able to do. With a college education you are also able to earn more money. With my abilities I can move up into receiving a higher have to pay a mortgage; I also have three children and a car to maintain. With a college education I will be able to receive a higher salary and be able to live comfortably. As presented, it is evident that for me a college education is quite essential at this time. I want to be able to take family vacations and enjoy watching my children grow up. Although acquiring a college education may be expensive, the advantages of receiving one are even greater. A college education is an investment into our future. We believe, that is, you and l, that education is not an expense. We believe it is an investment. Lyndon B. Johnson. The reason for a college education does not begin or end with the Job aspect; it also helps you to gain knowledge and kills that cannot be taken away. The global market is becoming more competitive and in order to give myself the best chance I now value the need for a college education. Education is essential to all of us. Every day something new is learnt, education is life. Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself. Bibliography Barbiturate. Com/quotes/topics/topic_education. HTML http:// collegeplacementconsulting. Com/content/notable-quotes-about-education-and- money John Dewey: Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.

Commercial Agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Commercial Agreement - Essay Example (Ogola, 1999) It follows from the above that an agent is a mere connecting link, bringing about a contractual relation between his principal and third parties. The acts of an agent, done within the scope of his authority, bind his principal. Once an agent has brought his principal into contractual relations with another, he drops out, and his principal sues or is sued on the contract. (Emanuel, 2004) Lopez had very strict instructions not to sell any other product other that tropical fruity juices produced by Fruity Limited Company. Using the company fund, he went ahead and bought cartons of bottled water from the local store at a discount and sold them to Danny making a profit of 100 from the deal which he failed to disclose to the company. Under the agency law, the agent must not make any secret profit or accept bribes. Where he does so, he is forced to refund all such amount to his principal and lose the right of receiving commission. Apart from this, the principal can, if chooses, repudiate the contract with the third party. For the case, Lopez makes secret profit which he was supposed to have disclosed to the company. Lopez as an agent for the company had very strict instructions on the specific products that were to be sold at the outlet. As an agent, he had not taken his duties seriously according to the agency law. According to the agency l... For this case, since Lopez undertook his duties against the company's instructions, the company had a right to terminate his agency without paying him for the work he had done. (Ogola, 1999) Advice to Lopez On the other hand, Lopez as an agent contract by the company to head the outlet, he should have kept proper accounts which he was supposed to produce them to his principal. He should not have mixed his principal's money with his own money unless the terms of the agency had permitted him to do so. For the case, Lopez had mixed his money with those of the company when he made secret profits. (Emanuel, 2004) Danny had ordered 10 boxes of tropical fruity juice from Lopez which he settled with Lopez previous personal debt owed to him. For the case, Lopez mixed his principal's money with his own against the agency agreement. For this case, Lopez was not supposed to settle personal debts with the company's money. Advice to Danny For the case of Danny whereby they settled personal debts with Lopez and also sold bottled water to Lopez, he has no case to answer. This is so because, an employee who has been placed in a position of responsibility may be assumed to have such authority as normally matches with the position, irrespective of what is his actual authority. This means that if a third party enters into a contract with such a person believing him to have proper authority of his employer, he will succeed directly against the employer. This is what is referred to as ostensible authority. For the case of Danny, he believed that Lopez being the manager of the outlet, had the authority to purchase on behalf of the company and also he could mix his money with the principal's money in the case

Structural engineering Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Structural engineering Class - Essay Example The house was designed by Spanish architects Sola-Morales and Cadaval (dezeen). It can be seen in the picture that a major portion of the house is built in cantilever. It not only obviates the need to provide structural members at the base to support the overhanging portion, but also provides the inhabitants of the house with more space to live in without consuming any space at the base. Houses with cantilever portions can have large areas for gardening or verandahs. Why is the cantilever principle an important factor in structural work? Cantilever principle is widely employed in all sorts of construction works. The biggest advantage it offers to the constructor is that it obviates the need to provide one of the two main supports at the free end of the structural member. This results not only in decreasing the amount of material needed for the construction of structure, but also makes the structure look quite elegant. The free hanging portion of the structural member lends it a beaut iful dramatic look, that adds a lot to the overall beauty of the whole structure. In the contemporary age where look of the structure is considered of prime importance, cantilever principle helps the constructor achieve the very purpose without having to compromise upon the safety of the structure.

Ethics paper on Privacy and Confidentiality Term

Ethics on Privacy and Confidentiality - Term Paper Example These aspects range within intellectual, behavioral and physical factors in our lives (Chmara). Relative to privacy is confidentiality, which refers to treatment of data, or information that one has disclosed with an expectation that the information will not unveil to other people. Confidentiality is based on trust and anything under confidential terms should only remain within boundaries (Rothstein). At times, there are actions and measures directed at maintaining and protecting the confidential data. While privacy is all about people, a sense of control on other people access on us, protection rights and maintaining information within the power of the participant; confidentiality is about identifiable data, extensions on privacy, and agreements about maintenance along with access controls. From this perspective, confidentiality to some extend comprises of privacy (Rothstein). From my point of view, people posses a need for prima facie rights in privacy. In life, there exists a need for a right in revealing and concealing our relationships with the society and the outer world at large. In this perspective, at our work places, issues addressing health and productivity only concern the employed and the employer (Tomes). Again, there are situations that foster public interests, through agencies, institutions or the government, that demand on legitimate basis on the quest to know. In this case, it becomes very difficult to determine the needs to give priority. The dilemma is widely based on ethical conflicts. According to the health center laws, the difference in these two terms in shown in their description. Privacy is described as a control larger than timing, circumstances and extend that is associated with intellectual, behavioral and physical sharing of others. On the other hand, confidentiality entails information treatment as disclosed by individuals in accord to trust that it will never be disclosed (Behrnd-Klodt). Now, if the need to know from the employe r’s perspective does not tally with those of an employee, a paramount decision has to be made. Conflicts in terms of ethics rise because an employer is responsible for the protection of their consequent employees against health hazards at the work place. For this phenomenon to become a reality, calls employees to give in data on their health and working conditions to the employer must be enhanced. With reference to privacy and confidentiality, the much that employees are obligated in according their information to their employers, they might want to have some data with held, as a secret or on a confidential basis (Rothstein). Working in a health center might pose many challenges especially when faced with incredibly difficult situations. An individual wanting services from a health center may not want to get stigmatized based on the health issues she is attended. A good example is a pregnant woman entering a health center to get pregnancy counseling but does not want stigmati zation. Such stigmatizations are available in most health centers especially due to the signboards that give the health center clients directions to different offices (Chmara). Although most of the hospital managements do not appear to identify this as lack of privacy, in my opinion, it is. Specialists believe that closing of windows in time of physical examination and keeping results in the private area section entails privacy. However, this is

Performance Study of Multiphase Catalytic Monolith Reactor

Performance Study of Multiphase Catalytic Monolith Reactor Performance study of multiphase catalytic monolith reactor and its comparison with the performance of trickle bed reactor (TBR) Xiaofeng Wang Introduction Multiphase reactors are found in diverse applications such as in manufacture of petroleum-based fuels and products, in production of commodity and specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, herbicides and pesticides, in production of materials and in pollution abatement [1]. A key motivation for implementing multiphase reactor technology has largely been driven by the discovery and development of new or improved catalysts for either emerging or existing processes [2]. A wealth of products are produced in multiphase catalytic reactions. Among the multiphase reaction systems, the monolith reactor, slurry bubble column and the trickle bed reactor (TBR) (Figure 1) are being used most extensively. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the pilot scale trickle bed reactor Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the pilot scale monolith reactor [3] In general, monolith reactors refer to reactors that contain catalysts with certain structures or arrangements (Figure 2). According to this definition, there are many different types of monolith reactors, such as honeycomb, foam, and fiber reactors, etc. Usually monolith reactors refer to those containing catalysts with parallel straight channels inside the catalyst block. Monoliths can carry active catalyst in two ways: the surface can have a washcoat of the active catalyst, or the structure can be impregnated with active catalyst. Monolith reactors offer several advantages over traditional random fixed beds or slurry reactors, such as better mass transfer characteristics, higher volumetric productivity for a smaller amount of catalyst, elimination of filtration step and lower pressure drop. In recently years, monoliths as multiphase reactors to replace trickle-bed and slurry reactors have received more and more attention. The honeycomb monolith has been very successful in gas phase reactors, most notably as the structured support for the conversion of pollutants in vehicle exhausts. The potential of monoliths to act as a catalytic support for multiphase reactions has been recognized for over 20 years and much recent work has been done to extend the application of monoliths to liquid and gas–liquid systems [4, 5]. Monoliths offer the benefits of an absence of a need for filtering catalyst from the product, low pressure drop, high geometrical surface area, safer operation and, perhaps most significantly, potentially easy scale-up. However, the latter is crucially dependent upon being able to achieve an even gas–liquid distribution across the channels. Furthermore, maldistribution can lead to a wide residence time distribution across the radial section of mon olith with consequently lower selectivity, ineffective catalyst usage and hot spots in the reactor [5, 6]. Some of the applications that have been proposed or explored include: hydrodesulphurization of oil, liquefied coal, and dibenzothiophene; hydrogenation or dehydrogenation associated with various aromatic compounds; oxidation reactions. Applications of monolith structured packed beds used for distillation and adsorption have also been reported. Now research has been done on monolith reactors in many areas, such as preparation and extruding techniques, applications and performance to various reactions, flow regime and hydrodynamics studies, mass and heat transfer, and modeling and simulation including computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation [7-10]. This report will analyze and summarize the performance of catalytic monolith reactor on the different reactions, such as hydrogenation, dehydrogenation [11-18] and oxidation [19-22] reactions, and mostly focus on the studies published in the last 10 years. Advantages Of Monolith Reactors For multiphase reaction applications, different types of conventional reactors have been used in industry. The major ones are the trickle bed reactor (TBR), slurry bubble column reactor and the stirred tank slurry reactor. Each reactor type has its own advantages and shortcomings. A TBR is a convenient reactor compared to slurry bubble column reactor and the stirred tank slurry reactor, although larger particles must be used to guarantee moderate pressure drop. However, on the catalyst surface, where the liquid is either depleted or imperfectly covers the catalyst surface, dry areas are encountered: these substantially reduce the liquid–solid contacting efficiency of the trickle-bed reactor [23]. Besides, local hot spots may develop and cause runaways. Adding to the problem are the low gas–liquid velocities required to avoid excessive pressure drop. This requirement results in high operational costs and low productivity. For the slurry bubble column reactor and stirred tank reactor, the slurry catalysts are very small, which needs the reactors offer very simple reactor geometry, high heat removal, excellent mass transfer characteristics, and a high effectiveness factor. Moreover, it is very difficult to separate product and catalyst, and catalyst attrition in these reactors. Another major drawback of conventional reactors for multiphase reactions is the difficulty of scale-up to industrial size units [24]. Monolith reactors, as novel reactors, can overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages with their excellent design. Monolith catalysts or monolith reactors have some common features in most of the applications they are used for. These features or characteristics include: (1) low pressure drop especially under high fluid throughputs; (2) elimination of external mass transfer and internal diffusion limitations; (3) low axial dispersion and backmixing, and therefore high product selectivity; (4) larger external surface; (5) uniform distribution of flow (gas phase); (6) elimination of fouling and plugging, and thus extended catalyst lifetime; (7) easy scale-up, etc [25]. Monolith reactors with these features or characteristics can make up the shortcomings of conventional reactors and can be an attractive alternative to other conventional multiphase reactors. Monolith Reactor Performance And Comparison With TBR Among the various chemical reactions occurring in broad range of industrial application areas, catalytic gas-liquid-solid reactions are widespread [10, 23]. These reactions occur extensively in chemical, petroleum, petrochemical, biochemical, material, and environmental industrial processes for a wide variety of products (such as hydrogenation, oxidation, and alkylation). Recent research has shown that monolithic reactors with a gas–liquid flow in small regular channels with an active component deposited on the walls can lead to performance enhancement in comparison with such conventional multiphase reactors as trickle bed [14, 26-28] and slurry reactors [29-31]. The performance enhancement is mainly attributed to the more intensive contact between all phases and better mass transfer inherent in the slug flow, which is characterized by the passage of elongated gas bubbles being separated by liquid slugs [32]. As a rule, research on monolithic reactors is focused on two different options with regard to practical realization. The first one is the application of monolithic systems as alternative to batch reactors, where a fixed catalyst (instead of a suspended catalyst) is used at superficial velocities needed for maximum conversion [33, 34]. The second one is the utilization of monolithic catalysts in the column type reactors, which usually employ randomly packed catalyst particles [35]. In this section, I select two different kinds of reactions to discuss the performance of a monolith reactor. And the performance is compared with that of a TBR operated at conditions typically employed for TBR. Moreover, I will point out some potential research orientations on the basis of the main problems encountered in recent research. Selective Hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol To Butane-1,4-diol Catalytic, multiphase hydrogenation has been carried out commercially for over a century. A huge variety of reactions are accomplished via this process, using predominantly heterogeneous catalysts. In addition, product values and volumes vary enormously: by several orders of magnitude. Given this diversity it is therefore perhaps somewhat surprising that these reactions are carried out for the most part in just one reactor type: the stirred tank reactor. Furthermore, this type of reactor has been at the core of industry for over a century [36]. There are a number of other well-established alternatives used in the large-scale chemical industries [37] including the TBR, which is used almost exclusively in refinery hydroprocessing and extensively for hydrogenation in petrochemical plants. However, these reactor designs prove difficult to scaleup as key length-scales do not scale in a similar fashion. Monolith reactors, as novel reactors, can overcome the drawbacks with their distinctive design. A comparison between the monolithic reactors with traditional trickle bed reactors was reported by Fishwick et al. for a model reaction in both terms of activity and selectivity [29]. Besides, the scale-out of a single channel to larger monoliths of 1256 and 5026 channels is analyzed, demonstrating the potential for rate and selectivity enhancements whilst allowing ease of scale-out. The selective hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol was studied as the model reaction. This is a consecutive reaction widely applied in the production of butane-1,4-diol, a raw material used in the polymers industry and in the manufacture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) [38]. Several side reactions are possible, as illustrated in Figure 3, for example the 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde and its cyclic hemiacetal, 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran, as a consequence of double-bond isomerisation and hydrogenolysis reactions [15]. Figure 3. Reaction scheme for hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol Conclusion The monolith reactor achieved the highest selectivity towards the alkene intermediate in the hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol when compared to trickle bed reactors. Loss of selectivity is for the most part due to the formation of non-hydrogenation side products. The high selectivity observed in the monolith can be partly attributed to the high dispersion of palladium and small palladium particle size on the washcoat support. However, differences in product distribution between single- and two- phase modes of operation suggest that mass transfer of hydrogen to the catalyst surface also influences the selectivity. The reactor design and operating mode can therefore be optimised to achieve maximum selectivity. Additionally, a comparison of a single capillary with 5 and 10 cm monoliths (1256 and 5026 channels, respectively) indicates that initial reaction rates and selectivity are maintained. Reference 1. Dudukovic, M.P., F. Larachi, and P.L. Mills, Multiphase reactors revisited. Chemical Engineering Science, 1999. 54(13-14): p. 1975-1995. 2. DudukoviĆ¡, M.P., F. Larachi, and P.L. Mills, Multiphase catalytic reactors: A perspective on current knowledge and future trends. Catalysis Reviews Science and Engineering, 2002. 44(1): p. 123-246. 3. Cordiner, S. and G. De Simone, A new approach for modeling the thermal behavior of methane catalytic partial oxidation monolith reactors. Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology, 2010. 7(1): p. 0110201-01102011. 4. Nijhuis, T.A., F.M. Dautzenberg, and J.A. Moulijn, Modeling of monolithic and trickle-bed reactors for the hydrogenation of styrene. Chemical Engineering Science, 2003. 58(7): p. 1113-1124. 5. Roy, S. and M. Al-Dahhan, Flow distribution characteristics of a gas–liquid monolith reactor. Catalysis Today, 2005. 105(3–4): p. 396-400. 6. Van Gulijk, C., et al., Intrinsic channel maldistribution in monolithic catalyst support structures. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2005. 109(1): p. 89-96. 7. Navalho, J.E.P., et al., Catalytic partial oxidation of methane rich mixtures in non-adiabatic monolith reactors. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013. 38(17): p. 6989-7006. 8. Gundlapally, S.R. and V. Balakotaiah, Analysis of the effect of substrate material on the steady-state and transient performance of monolith reactors. Chemical Engineering Science, 2013. 92: p. 198-210. 9. Vlakh, E.G. and T.B. Tennikova, Flow-through immobilized enzyme reactors based on monoliths: II. Kinetics study and application. Journal of Separation Science, 2013. 36(6): p. 1149-1167. 10. Wang, T., et al., Numerical investigation on CO2 photocatalytic reduction in optical fiber monolith reactor. Energy Conversion and Management, 2013. 65: p. 299-307. 11. Kreutzer, M.T., et al., Multiphase monolith reactors: Chemical reaction engineering of segmented flow in microchannels. Chemical Engineering Science, 2005. 60(22): p. 5895-5916. 12. Liu, W., et al., Monolith reactor for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2002. 41(13): p. 3131-3138. 13. Nijhuis, T.A., et al., Monolithic catalysts as efficient three-phase reactors. Chemical Engineering Science, 2001. 56(3): p. 823-829. 14. Nijhuis, T.A., et al., Monolithic catalysts as more efficient three-phase reactors. Catalysis Today, 2001. 66(2-4): p. 157-165. 15. Xiaoding, X., et al., Monolithic catalysts for selective hydrogenation of benzaldehyde. Catalysis Today, 1996. 30(1-3): p. 91-97. 16. Edvinsson, R.K. and A. Cybulski, A comparison between the monolithic reactor and the trickle-bed reactor for liquid-phase hydrogenations. Catalysis Today, 1995. 24(1-2): p. 173-179. 17. Hatziantoniou, V., B. Andersson, and N.H. Schà ¶Ãƒ ¶n, Mass transfer and selectivity in liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitro compounds in a monolithic catalyst reactor with segmented gas-liquid flow. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 1986. 25(4): p. 964-970. 18. Hatzlantonlou, V. and B. Andersson, SEGMENTED TWO-PHASE FLOW MONOLITHIC CATALYST REACTOR. AN ALTERNATIVE FOR LIQUID-PHASE HYDROGENATIONS. Industrial Engineering Chemistry, Fundamentals, 1984. 23(1): p. 82-88. 19. Albers, R.E., et al., Development of a monolith-based process for H2O2 production: From idea to large-scale implementation. Catalysis Today, 2001. 69(1-4): p. 247-252. 20. Klinghoffer, A.A., R.L. Cerro, and M.A. Abraham, Catalytic wet oxidation of acetic acid using platinum on alumina monolith catalyst. Catalysis Today, 1998. 40(1): p. 59-71. 21. Klinghoffer, A.A., R.L. Cerro, and M.A. Abraham, Influence of Flow Properties on the Performance of the Monolith Froth Reactor for Catalytic Wet Oxidation of Acetic Acid. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 1998. 37(4): p. 1203-1210. 22. Crynes, L.L., R.L. Cerro, and M.A. Abraham, Monolith froth reactor: development of a novel three-phase catalytic system. AIChE Journal, 1995. 41(2): p. 337-345. 23. Roy, S., et al., Monoliths as multiphase reactors: A review. AIChE Journal, 2004. 50(11): p. 2918-2938. 24. Kapteijn, F., et al., New non-traditional multiphase catalytic reactors based on monolithic structures. Catalysis Today, 2001. 66(2-4): p. 133-144. 25. Chen, J., et al., Mathematical modeling of monolith catalysts and reactors for gas phase reactions. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2008. 345(1): p. 1-11. 26. Kapteijn, F., et al., Monoliths in multiphase catalytic processes Aspects and prospects. CATTECH, 1999. 3(1): p. 24-41. 27. Bauer, T., et al., Modelling and simulation of the monolithic reactor for gas-liquid-solid reactions. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2005. 83(7 A): p. 811-819. 28. Yawalkar, A.A., et al., Axial mixing in monolith reactors: Effect of channel size. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2005. 44(7): p. 2046-2057. 29. Fishwick, R.P., et al., Selective hydrogenation reactions: A comparative study of monolith CDC, stirred tank and trickle bed reactors. Catalysis Today, 2007. 128(1-2 SPEC. ISS.): p. 108-114. 30. Cybulski, A., et al., Monolithic reactors for fine chemicals industries: A comparative analysis of a monolithic reactor and a mechanically agitated slurry reactor. Chemical Engineering Science, 1999. 54(13-14): p. 2351-2358. 31. Lisi, L., et al., Cu-ZSM5 based monolith reactors for NO decomposition. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2009. 154(1-3): p. 341-347. 32. Liu, W., S. Roy, and X. Fu, Gas-liquid catalytic hydrogenation reaction in small catalyst channel. AIChE Journal, 2005. 51(8): p. 2285-2297. 33. Bauer, T. and S. Haase, Comparison of structured trickle-bed and monolithic reactors in Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation of alpha-methylstyrene. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011. 169(1-3): p. 263-269. 34. Boger, T., et al., Monolithic Catalysts as an Alternative to Slurry Systems: Hydrogenation of Edible Oil. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2004. 43(10): p. 2337-2344. 35. Enache, D.I., et al., Direct comparison of a trickle bed and a monolith for hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2005. 44(25): p. 9431-9439. 36. Stitt, E., et al., Multiphase hydrogenation reactors—past, present and future. 2003: The Royal Society of Chemistry: London. 37. Mills, P.L. and R.V. Chaudhari, Multiphase catalytic reactor engineering and design for pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. Catalysis Today, 1997. 37(4): p. 367-404. 38. Natividad, R., et al., Analysis of the performance of single capillary and multiple capillary (monolith) reactors for the multiphase Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol. Chemical Engineering Science, 2004. 59(22-23): p. 5431-5438.

Blood Pressure Essay -- Health, Diseases, Walking

Distance Other studies have attempted to measure the effect of distance on blood pressure response in order to find if there is any correlation between distance and a significant blood pressure reduction. One of these studies (see Moreau et al, 2001) involved 24 sedentary post-menopausal American women (15 in the intervention group ) with high blood pressure. The results found that, after a 2-year walking programme, that there was a statistically significant drop of 13 mmHg in the systolic blood pressure of those participants who were taking anti-hypertensive drugs and of 11 mmHg in those not receiving medication, whereas there was no difference found in their diastolic blood pressure and in the blood pressure of the control group. The participants in the intervention group were instructed to walk 3 kms per day in addition to their normal daily physical activity. After the first year the reduction in blood pressure was significant: 6 mm Hg in the systolic blood pressure of the participants wh o were taking anti-hypertensive medication and 7mmHg in the non-medication group. In this study , the magnitude of the reduction of systolic blood pressure as a result of a walking programme is similar to that which has been found in earlier studies in response to traditional exercise (see Seals et al,1997, and Hagberg et al, 2000). Frequency Several studies have examined the impact of the frequency of walking per week on blood pressure in order to determine what frequency is most effective in terms of blood pressure reduction response. A study by Gettman et al, conducted in 1976, which compared the effect of fast walking between one, three and five days per week on blood pressure response, found that the difference in frequency was no... ...ffect on systolic blood pressure only. Lee et al (2010) found that moderate to high intensity waking was more likely to decrease blood pressure than low intensity walking. This result supports the findings of the study conducted by Quinn in the year 2000. Nemoto et al (2007) compared the effect of continuous walking at moderate intensity (50% of peak aerobic capacity) and interval walking at high intensity (70% of peak aerobic capacity) on reducing blood pressure. They found that blood pressure reduction was greater in the group who walked at high intensity: 9 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and 5 mmHg for diastolic. The results of a study conducted in India by Gosh (2006) to measure the effect of walking intensity (2 Km/30min) for 20 weeks, showed that there was a significant reduction in systolic/diastolic blood pressure by approximately 10 mmHg/4 mmHg.

Genzyme Summary Essay

Genzyme was founded in 1981, Sanofi purchased the company in 2011. They went public in 1986, raising 27 million dollars. Genzyme startet as a start up Company by scientists studying genetically inherited enzyme diseases. Their strategy didn’t focus on the â€Å"blockbuster drugs† like other biotechnology companies but drugs for rare diseases. To developing a drug, it takes 10-14 years at the cost of around 800 million. But the blockbuster drugs had 1 billion dollars revenue. Genzyme has received several honor awards like â€Å"national medal of technology†. The food and drug administration established in 1983 the â€Å"Orphane drug act† giving seven years market exclusivity to developers of drugs for rare diseases. This gave Genzyme big advantage when it comes to clinical trials, advertising and sales, it does not requires a lot. Their first success was the â€Å"Ceredase† drug- to treat the Gaucher`s disease. It was sold to over 4000 patients, with annual revenue of 800 million dollars. They had different way of manufacturing and sales compare to other companies. They did not do licensing to large pharmaceutical company. Genzyme was the worlds third largest biotech company in 2006 only profiting of rare diseases. Reflection of the case * Avoided â€Å"blockbuster† market and good management Good strategic to focus on a niche market instead of the †blockbuster† market. The degree of existing rivalry and entry barriers was low. Henri Termeer took a risk in moving to a start up company but with his experience and expertise, the company went stronger and independent. * First ones to market and the exclusivity Genzyme entered a small, untapped market. Being the first biotech company that focus on rare diseases and having the market exclusivity made them leading biotech company. They had the ability to identify almost all customers. They had big advantage when is comes to clinical trials, restrictions, FDA and small numbers of test patients required.

Definition and Examples of Trademark

Definition and Examples of Trademark A trademark is a distinctive word, phrase, symbol, or design that identifies a product or service and is legally owned by its manufacturer or inventor. Abbreviation, TM. In formal writing, as a general rule, trademarks should be avoided unless specific products or services are being discussed. Exceptions are sometimes made when a trademark (for example, Taser) is better known than its generic equivalent (electroshock weapon).The website of the International Trademark Association [INTA] includes a guide to the proper use of more than 3,000 trademarks registered in the U.S. According to the INTA, a trademark should always be used as an adjective qualifying a generic noun that defines the product or service [for example, Ray-Ban sunglasses, not Ray-Bans]. . . . As adjectives, marks should not be used as plurals or in the possessive form, unless the mark itself is plural or possessive (such as 1-800-FLOWERS, MCDONALD’S or LEVI’S). Examples and Observations Band-AidChap StickCrock-PotDolbyFormicaFreonFrisbeeHacky SackHooverJacuzziJeepJet SkiKleenexLoaferLycraMaceNaugahydePlaybillPopsicleRollerbladeSkivviesSporkTaserTeletypeVaselineVelcroWindbreaker Originally trademarks, these common names are now regarded as generic names: aspirinbundt cakecellophanedittodry iceescalatorgranolaheroinkerosenelinoleumLPminibikenylonpogosticktarmacthermostouch-tonetrampolinewedgieyo-yozipper

The Story of the Greek Titan Atlas

The Story of the Greek Titan Atlas The expression to carry the weight of the world on ones shoulders comes from the Greek myth of Atlas, who was one of the second generation of the Titans, the oldest gods of Greek mythology. However, Atlas did not actually carry the weight of the world; instead, he carried the celestial sphere (the sky). The Earth and celestial sphere are both spherical in shape, which may account for the confusion. Atlas in Greek Mythology Atlas was one of four sons of the Titan Iapoetos and the Okeanid Klymene: his brothers were Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoitios. The earliest of the traditions say simply that it was Atlass responsibility to hold up the sky. Later reports say that as one of the Titans, Atlas and his brother Menoitios took part in the Titanomachy, a war between the Titans and their offspring the Olympians. Fighting against the Titans were Olympians Zeus, Prometheus, and Hades. When the Olympians won the war, they punished their enemies. Menoitios was sent to Tartarus in the underworld. Atlas, however, was condemned to stand at the western edge of the Earth and hold the sky on his shoulders. Holding Up the Sky Different sources vary in their descriptions of how Atlas held up the sky. In Hesiods Theogony, Atlas stands at the western edge of the earth near the Hesperides, supporting the sky on his head and hands. The Odyssey describes Atlas standing in the sea holding the pillars that keep the earth and sky apart- in this version, he is the father of Calypso. Herodotus was the first to suggest that the sky rested atop Mount Atlas in the western part of northern Africa, and later traditions still report that Atlas was a man who metamorphosed into the mountain. The Story of Atlas and Hercules Perhaps the most famous myth involving Atlas is his role in one of the celebrated twelve labors of Hercules, and the main version is found in Apollodorus of Athenss Library. In this legend, Hercules was required by Eurystheus to fetch the golden apples from the fabled gardens of the Hesperides, which were sacred to  Hera  and guarded by the fearsome hundred-headed dragon Ladon. Following the advice of Prometheus, Hercules asked Atlas (in some versions the father of the Hesperides) to get him the apples while he, with the help of  Athena, took the sky onto his own shoulders for a while, giving the Titan a welcome respite. Perhaps understandably, when returning with the golden apples, Atlas was reluctant to resume the burden of carrying the sky. However, the wily Hercules tricked the god into swapping places temporarily while the hero got himself some cushions to more easily bear the tremendous weight. Of course, as soon as Atlas was back holding the heavens, Hercules with his golden booty, hot-footed back to  Mycenae. Sources Hard, Robin. The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology. London: Routledge, 2003. Print.Smith, William, and G.E. Marindon, eds. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. London: John Murray, 1904. Print.

Movie analysing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Movie analysing - Essay Example Another important action, as depicted in the movie film is to claim the freedom of the people to ensure the sacredness of the space. This requires aggressive effort in order to establish the point that the church must be free from any other movements, including but not limited to those concerning application of political or economic authority, social injustice and more. The leaders, church members and the people are the ones whose actions could eventually help to make the space sacred once again. In the case of the movie film â€Å"Romero† it was the Archbishop who strengthened the people, give them courage and stood as voice of the multitude in order to restore the sanctity of the church. Church as institution An institution is aimed at achieving a high social order, even though there might be varying behaviors of a set of individuals. Church is an institution because it is supposed to be governed by and moving forward to a higher social order, it administers to everybody who might be good or bad. What it seeks to promote is only for the good of everyone, as it tries to establish a good community. Based on the movie, the church does not run the country in general, but it protects the people. Priests are shepherds, who administer the church, to help establish the church as an institution. Based on the movie, Romero addressed that the church must administer to everybody in order to maintain social order (Romero Full Movie). What is unique about the church as an institution is its foundation which is set on the love of Jesus Christ, in order to successfully promote social order. In the presence of this love for each other, collegiality is eventually developed, which based on the movie bishops were able to successfully show it when they condemned senseless violent killings. Although, some of them have been threatened to lose their lives as there were priests already killed in the chaotic situation in El Salvador. When Romero learned violence will never end up violence, he tried to place himself on the center stage, administering to everybody, and trying to understand both sides and everybody’s perspectives in order to uphold social order. At first, because of his being apolitical and complacent priest, he critiqued this as subversive act. Church as Sacrament A sacrament stands as both sign and instrument. In the case of the Church as a sacrament, it has become one with Christ, an instrument creating unity between God and all mankind. This model includes, Christ, God, and all mankind. Right after being saved by the redeeming blood of Jesus, all mankind, the Church, is in Christ, so that it would stand in unity with the Father in heaven. When there is sin, humanity needs salvation, so Jesus was offered to redeem the sin of the world. When mankind was redeemed, Christ is in the people, the Church, who must suppose to stand as the ones to represent what salvation consists in. This image of the Church was seen in the movie when Rome ro declared in front of the public that Christ must be seen in each and everyone, that the Church is the people and must suppose to stand as one body of Christ (Romero Full Movie). When there is disunity, this body cannot stand. By this, Romero must have implied Church as

Introduction to philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to philosophy - Essay Example It was believed that â€Å"neither water nor any other of the so-called elements, but some other indefinite (apeiron) nature, from which come to be all the heavens and the worlds in them† (Curd). The central theme of the discussion was the question of how the original element is related to the phenomena engendered by it. Heraclitus regards this problem in a majestic and yet paradoxical form. In his teaching, the role that belongs to the water, apeiron and air in the Milesians, is played by the fire - the element that caused a keen interest in all ancient cultures. As is known, fire is both a creative and destructive force that gives life and takes it away. Fire can live both in the hearth, warming human habitation, and in the form of a funeral pile representing the final of the human existence. Heraclitus who saw the fire as a supreme law governing the world recognized the duality of the fire (Curd). Similar to the moment when the flame warms the house and burns it, after his/her birth (i.e. finding a life), a man makes the first step towards death. Opposites are identical. Way up, according to Heraclitus, suggests that there is the way down. The consequence of such an identification of opposites becomes an idea of absolute variability and fluidity of life. Remarkably, even symbolically, that the alternative doctrine of Heraclitus appeared on the opposite edge of the He llenic world - in Italy. This theory was created by Pythagoreans. As well as other pre-Socratics, the Pythagoreans recognized the existence of arche as a fundamental principle of all things and phenomena, but their theory was particularly original, as they considered numbers as arche. â€Å"Pythagoreans conceived of nature as a structured system ordered by number† (Curd). The numbers express accurate and independent from any arbitrary ratio of quantities. To study and understand this or that phenomenon means to measure it. This